15 Chùm Chủ Đề “Bất Bại” của Simon – Writing Task 2 (Part1)

• Advertising is a key part of modern business
• Companies need to tell customers about their products
• Advertisements inform us about the choices we have
• Advertising is a creative industry that employs many people
• Without advertising, we would have less choice
• Without advertising, there would be higher unemployment
• Advertising is a form of modern art
• People enjoy adverts

• Advertising manipulates people
• It aims to persuade people that buying a product will make them happier.
• Advertisers focus on selling a brand image.
• They use glamorous, successful people.
• We now live in a consumer culture.
• We are persuaded to follow the latest trend.
• We are encouraged to associate certain brands with a higher status.
• Advertisers often aim their marketing at children
• Children can easily be influenced by advertisements.
• Children put pressure on parents to buy them things.

• Advertising should be regulated
• Advertising aimed at children should be controlled or even banned
• Unhealthy foods should not be marketed in a way that attracts children
• Products that can be a risk to health should display warnings
• In some countries, it is illegal to advertise cigarettes on television
• Warnings must be displayed on cigarette packets
• However, advertising is necessary for free market economies
• It creates demand for products
• Governments should only censor false information or products that are harmful

• Animals are used in important scientific research
• It is necessary to do medical tests on new drugs
• Animal testing helps to advance medical and scientific knowledge
• Many important medical discoveries involved experimentation on animals
• Researchers aim to minimize the suffering that animals experience
• Testing for the cosmetics industry is now banned in many countries

• The benefits of research using animals do not justify the suffering caused
• There are alternative methods of research
• The lives of animals should be respected
• Humans have no moral right to do experiments on animals

• Vegetarians do not eat foods that are produced by killing animals
• Many people choose a vegetarian diet for moral or health reasons
• A healthy diet is possible without eating meat
• It is unnecessary to kill animals for food
• A vegetarian diet may reduce the risk of disease like cancer
• Many people question the treatment of animals in factory farms

• Vegetarians do not eat a balanced diet
• In many cultures, meat is the main ingredient in traditional meals
• Meat-eaters argue that animals are below humans in the food chain
• It is completely natural for us to kill them for food
• Our aim should be improve farming methods
• Farms should produce organic food

• Zoos play an important role in wildlife conservation
• They can help to protect endangered species
• Zoos allow scientists to study animals and their behavior
• Zoos are educational, interesting and fun
• Children, in particular, enjoy learning about animals
• Zoos provide job opportunities.

• Zoo animals are kept in artificial environments
• They are kept in cages or have limited space
• Zoo animals rely on humans
• They lose the freedom to hunt for food
• The best way to save endangered species is by protecting natural habitats.  Some people believe that zoos are unethical
• Zoos exhibits animals with the aim of making money
• We have no right to use animals for entertainment and profit.

• People move to cities in search of job opportunities
• Cities offer greater employment possibilities and a higher standard of living
• People migrate to cities from the countryside
• Traditional activities like farming need fewer workers nowadays

• Life in cities has its drawbacks
• The cost of living is higher than in rural areas
• Some people do not manage to find work
• Housing is usually much more expensive
• Homelessness and poverty are common in cities  There is a gap between rich and poor
• Life in cities can be extremely stressful
• There are problems like traffic congestion and crime
• Cities lack a sense of community
• People do not even know their neighbor
• Cities are sometimes described as “concrete jungles”.

• The job of the polices is to catch criminals
• They must also prevent crime and make communities safer
• There should be an increase in the number of police officers on the streets
• Police officers should be seen as part of the community
• They should be involved with education and prevention
• The police should be in close contact with schools
• They should focus on young people who have dropped out of school.
• These teenagers may become involved with gangs

• Fines are used as punishment for minor crimes
• If the crime is more serious, prison is the most common punishment
• Some criminals pose a threat to society
• They are put in prison to ensure the safety of other citizens
• Negatives of Prisons
• Criminals are put together
• They make friends with other offenders
• Many prisoners re-offend when they are released
• A criminal record makes finding a job more difficult

• Supporters say that capital punishment deters crime
• Fear of the death penalty stops people from committing offenses
• The death penalty shows that crime is not tolerated
• It is a form of revenge
• The cost of imprisonment is avoided
• The offender cannot pose a threat to others

• Innocent people could be wrongly convicted and executed
• Crime rates are not necessarily reduced
• Many criminals do not think they will be caught
• Capital punishment is not a good deterrent
• Executing prisoners creates a violent culture and encourages revenge
• We have no right to take another human life

• Foreign institutions may offer better courses
• Many students want to attend a prestigious university
• The best universities employ teachers who are experts in their fields
• Qualifications gained abroad can open the door to better job opportunities
• Living abroad can broaden students’ horizons
• Overseas students are exposed to different cultures and customs.  They become more independent
• They are responsible for cooking, cleaning and paying bills
• They will learn a foreign language

• Living and studying abroad can be difficult
• Students have problems with paperwork such as visa applications
• The language barrier can be a problem
• Students have to find accommodation and pay bills
• Studying in a foreign language is challenging
• Living alone in an unfamiliar culture can cause homesickness

Technology in Education: Advantages

Technology in Education: Disadvantages

• Technology is a powerful tool to engage students
• Technology can make lessons much more interesting
• Students can do research using online resources
• Students can study at their own place
• Adults can take distance learning courses
• Students can study whenever and wherever they want
• Students also learn skills which are useful for their future jobs
• For example, they learn to write reports using a word processor

• People rely too much on computers
• Young learners do not become proficient in some basic skills
• They use word processors and spelling may suffer
• People should be able to write a letter by hand
• Technology is no substitute for a real teacher
• Learners need a structured course
• An experienced teacher knows what materials to choose
• Computers are expensive to maintain and can be unreliable

Education in Developing Countries: Problems

Education in Developing Countries: solutions

• Children often have to work from an early age
• There are no schools in many areas
• Families do not have access to books or computers
• Literacy rates are often low
• People in developing countries need knowledge and skills
• Education is the key to improving the economy of these countries

• Developed countries could help developing nations by providing money
• They could invest in schools and technology
• They could supply the funds to build schools and pay for teachers
• Children need to have access to free schooling
• Computer equipment could be donated
• The Internet can expose students to a world of knowledge and information
• Governments should make education compulsory for all children
• They should encourage parents to send their children to school
• Governments of developed and developing countries must work together

• There are many benefits to going to university
• A degree can open the door to better employment prospects
• Economies are becoming increasingly knowledge-based
• Most jobs require specific knowledge and skills
• Skilled workers are needed for sectors such as information technology and engineering
• Repetitive manual jobs are now done by machine
• Many factories have moved to developing countries

• A healthy economy needs a wide range of workers
• Some manual workers will always be needed
• A university degree is not necessary for many service professions
• Practical training is more important in some industries
• In the UK, for example, there is currently a shortage of plumbers
• Their services are therefore becoming more and more expensive

• Some parents decide to educate their children at home
• Some families live in isolated areas with poor transport
• Other parents are not satisfied with local schools
• Parents can respond to what their children need and how they learn best
• One-to-one lessons allow much faster progress
• The child can work at his or her own pace
• Discipline problems are avoided by home-schooling

• Most parents do not have the time to educate their children at home
• One parent would need to give up work
• School subjects are normally taught by up to ten different teachers
• Most parents do not have the necessary knowledge or resources
• Private tutors are expensive
• Children will miss out on the social experience that school offers
• At school, children learn how to get on with each other
• Home-schooled children may lack social skills
• Schools offer a better overall educational experience

Bad behavior in schools: causes

Bad behavior in schools: solutions

• Bad behavior is due to a lack of structure and discipline
• There are too many children in some classes
• Large classes are difficult to manage
• May disruptive students come from an unstable family background
• Other parents are too lenient and spoil their children
• Some children are used to getting whatever they want
• Schools can do very little if they are not supported by parents

• Schools need a clear code of conduct
• Schools need a clear set of rules about behavior
• They need to create a positive working atmosphere
• Teachers must have the power to punish disruptive students
• Schools should remove difficult children from lessons
• Schools need to work closely with parents
• Discipline could be lacking at home
• Parents must support the school rules
• They should take responsibility for their children’s behavior

• Some people believe that male and female students should go to separate schools
• This is often for religious or cultural reasons
• Discipline problems might be avoided by separating boys and girls
• Boys and girls may learn in different ways and have different needs
• Students at single-sex schools often get better exam grades.

• Separating boys and girls is unnecessary
• It is unhealthy in terms of children’s social development
• Many coeducational schools are extremely successful
• A mixed-sex environment is more representative of real life
• Coeducational schools provide children with better social skills for adult life

Advantages of Streaming (grouping children according to ability)

Disadvantages of Streaming

• Some schools separate students according to their academic ability
• Teachers can work at the right speed for their students
• Teachers can plan more suitable lessons
• High-level groups may progress faster
• Lower level groups can benefit from a slower pace
• Some teachers and parents support streaming for these reasons

• Grouping by ability may have a negative impact on students
• Children do not want to be seen as less intelligent than others
• Streaming could damage students’ self-esteem
• They may lose motivation
• Students from wealthier families tend to be better prepared
• Children from poorer families may receive less support from parents
• Mixed ability classes encourage everyone to achieve their potential

Global warming

Effects of Global Warming

• Gases such as carbon dioxide trap heat from the sun
• This causes global temperatures to rise
• This process is known as the greenhouse effect
• Human activity is a major factor in the rise of the greenhouse gases
• Factories and vehicles produce emissions and exhaust fumes
• Many developing countries are becoming industrialized
• The number of cars on our streets is growing
• Cheap air travel is allowing more people to fly

• Global warming will have a significant impact on our planet
• Rising temperature will cause melting of the polar ice caps
• Sea levels will rise
• We can expect more extreme weather conditions
• Flooding and droughts may become more common

• There are several benefits to build more nuclear power stations
• Fossil fuel like oil and gas are running out
• Nuclear power is a sustainable energy source
• It can be used to produce electricity without wasting natural resources
• It could be replace the use of natural resources like coal, oil or gas
• Nuclear power stations are cleaner than fossil fuel power stations
• They could help to reduce carbon emissions that cause global warming
• The risks of accidents are being reduced

• Opponents of nuclear power worry about the safety of power stations
• The building of new nuclear power stations is unpopular
• Nobody wants to live near one
• Nuclear waste disposal is a significant problem
• There is currently no way to decontaminate radioactive material
• People worry that terrorists could steal radioactive materials
• It is safer to produce energy from solar, wind or water power.