Có nhiều ý tưởng mà diễn đạt thành nhiều câu thì bài văn sẽ rất lủng củng và thiếu sức thuyết phục, không liền mạch mà khó hiểu nữa. Vậy thì phải làm sao để kết nối các idea và cho ra câu dài hơn đây?
5 cách đơn giản mà ko kém phần “đỉnh” dưới đây sẽ giúp câu văn của các em dài hơn, làm cho bài văn không bị “chobby” và đọc suôn sẻ hơn. Ngoài ra còn ghi điểm cho phần đa dạng cấu trúc câu nữa nha.
Chúc các em học tốt nhé!
Cách 1: Liên kết hai câu ngắn
1) Sử dụng Coordinating conjunction để liên kết câu:
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So (FANBOYS)
*Lưu ý: khi thêm coordinating conjunction vào giữa câu thì phải thêm dấu phẩy ở phía trước.
Dưới đây mình xin gửi tới các bạn 1 số ví dụ nhé:
Ex: This next chapter has a lot of difficult information in it, so you should start studying right away.
Ex: Participants could leave the study at any time, and they needed to indicate their preference.
Ex: Participants could leave the study at any time, but they needed to indicate their preference.
| Nguyên nhân, kết quả | Câu điều kiện | Quan hệ thời gian | Quan hệ đối lập | Relative pronouns |
| As because in order that since |
even if if in case provided that unless |
After as as soon as as long as Before once still |
Though whereas while although |
That which whichever who whoever whom whose whosever whomever |
2) Sử dụng Subordinate conjunction
Cách này được sử dụng khi nghĩa 2 mệnh đề có thể liên kết lại thành 1 câu. Được sử dụng nhiều trong writing để tăng điểm cohesion và sentence structure.
*Lưu ý: Dependent clause là mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng Subordinate conjunction và không thể đứng 1 mình.
Ex: Tanya did poorly on her history exam because her best friend, Giselle, insisted on gossiping during their study session the night before.
Ex: Nicky shook her head and sighed as she puzzled over the algebra problem.
Ex: The bank robber dodged the bullet while Joey was shot seventeen times in the tibia.
Ex: After the doorbell rang, Nicky slammed shut her textbook and rose to pay for her pizza.
Ex: As Samson blew out the birthday candles atop the cake, he burned the tip of his nose on a stubborn flame.
Ex: Although he turned down the job, the company did pay his travel expenses.
Ex: Charles, who was wearing a red shirt, wished that he had instead chosen ketchup for his hotdog.
3) Sử dụng dấu “;”
Ex: I love to write papers; I would write one every day if I had the time.
Ex: Increased pollution in the environment threatens the health of millions; this is an indisputable fact.
4) Sử dụng dấu “;” và conjunctive adverb
Ex: The dark skies and distant thunder dissuaded Clarice from her afternoon run; moreover, she had thirty calculus problems to solve for her morning class.
Ex: Leon’s apartment complex does not allow dogs over thirty pounds; otherwise, he would have bought the gangly Great Dane puppy playing in the pet store window.
Ex: The city was unprepared for the big snowstorm; consequently, all major highways were closed.
Cách 2: Kết nối các thành phần của câu
1) Kết nối chủ ngữ
Khi 2 chủ ngữ của câu có vị ngữ song song hay tương đồng thì dùng Or, And, Neither…nor… để kết hợp chủ ngữ của câu tạo thành một câu dài.
*Lưu ý: “And” chia số nhiều, “Or, neither/nor” chia theo chủ ngữ đứng sau.
Ex: Nobody in the bank and nobody in the store saw the accident.
Ex: The piano or the bookcase has to go
The piano or the tables have to go.
Ex: Neither the pillows nor the curtains match the couch.
Neither the pillows nor the blanket looks good in this room.
2) Kết nối động từ
Ex: He studied the biological and natural sciences, learned how to categorize, and draw animals accurately.
Ex: In Philadelphia, Lewis learned to chart and analyze the movement of the stars with mathematical precision.
OR — In Philadelphia, Lewis learned to chart the stars and analyze their movements with mathematical precision.
3)Kết nối vị ngữ
Ex: President Jefferson believed that the headwaters of Missouri might reach all the way to the Canadian border and that he could claim all that land for the United States.
Cách 3: Dùng đồng vị ngữ
- Một danh từ hay cụm danh từ giải thích danh từ ở gần nó.
Ex: The insect, a large, hairy-legged cockroach that has spied my bowl of oatmeal, is crawling across the kitchen table.
Ex: During the dinner conversation, Clifford, the messiest eater at the table, spewed mashed potatoes like an erupting volcano.
* Lưu ý: cách sử dụng dấu phẩy kèm với Appositives
- Khi Appositives đứng ở đầu câu:
Ex: A hot-tempered tennis player, Robbie charged the umpire and tried to crack the poor man’s skull with a racket.
- Khi Appositives đứng ở giữa câu:
Ex: Robbie, a hot-tempered tennis player, charged the umpire and tried to crack the poor man’s skull with a racket.
- Khi Appositives đứng cuối câu:
Ex: Upset by the bad call, the crowd cheered Robbie, a hot-tempered tennis player who charged the umpire and tried to crack the poor man’s skull with a racket.
Cách 4: Dùng “PARTICIPIAL PHRASES”
1) Past-participial phrases
Ex: Invented by an Indiana housewife in 1889, the first dishwasher was driven by a steam engine.
Ex: The idiot lived in a black and gray world, punctuated by the white lightning of hunger and the flickering of fear.
Ex: Driven by a steam engine, the first dishwasher was invented by an Indiana housewife in 1889.
2) Present-participial phrases
Ex: A referee, always working before unfriendly crowds, has orders to exude poise under the most trying circumstances.
Ex: Allowing his men to make important decisions in a democratic manner, Lewis fostered a spirit of togetherness and commitment among his fellow explorers.
Cách 5: Dùng “ABSOLUTE PHRASES”
Cụm từ giải thích thêm cho câu có công thức:
Noun + Participle (v-ing/past participle) + Optional Modifier(s) and/or Object(s)
Ex: Legs quivering, our old dog Gizmo dreamed of chasing squirrels.
Ex: Her arms folded across her chest, Professor Hill warned the class about the penalties of plagiarism.
Ex: We devoured Aunt Lenora’s carrot cake, our fingers scraping the leftover frosting off the plates.
